Azoospermia is a condition where there is an absence of sperm in the ejaculate, making it one of the most significant causes of male infertility. However, thanks to assisted reproduction treatments, achieving pregnancy is still possible. In this article, we'll explore the different types of azoospermia and the treatment options available to help conceive.
How Is Azoospermia Diagnosed?
Azoospermia typically does not cause noticeable symptoms like pain or discomfort. The only way to diagnose it is through a sperm analysis or spermiogram, which examines a sperm sample. It's estimated that around 50% of infertility cases are related to some form of semen alteration, making it essential to undergo a sperm analysis if fertility issues are suspected.
The sample is collected via masturbation after a period of 3 to 5 days of sexual abstinence and placed in a sterile container. It is important to ensure the sample reaches the laboratory within an hour for accurate results. If you're taking any medication, be sure to inform the medical team, as this could influence the outcome.
Once collected, the sample is examined under a microscope to check for sperm. If none is found, a diagnosis of azoospermia is made.
Types and Causes of Azoospermia
Obstructive Azoospermia:In this type, sperm is produced in the testicles, but a blockage in the seminal ducts prevents the sperm from being present in the ejaculate. The testicles function normally, but the obstruction stops the sperm from reaching the point of ejaculation.
Non-Obstructive Azoospermia:In this case, the testicles do not produce sperm. This may be due to hormonal imbalances, trauma, or genetic factors that affect sperm production.
Azoospermia Treatment: Is It Possible to Have Children?
If the azoospermia is obstructive, meaning the issue is due to a blockage or the absence of seminal ducts, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is the recommended treatment. In these cases, sperm can be retrieved through a testicular puncture or testicular biopsy and used to fertilize eggs during IVF. Without fertility treatments, natural conception is not possible for men with obstructive azoospermia.
For non-obstructive azoospermia, the cause must be investigated to determine why the testicles are not producing sperm. If the issue is hormonal, treatment with external hormones may stimulate the production of sperm. However, in many cases, if the testicles cannot produce sperm, the recommended option is donor sperm.
In some instances, azoospermia may be a side effect of medication. By temporarily stopping the medication, sperm production may resume. Each case is unique, and the medical team will evaluate the cause of azoospermia and recommend the most appropriate treatment.
If you or your partner have been diagnosed with azoospermia and would like to learn more about your options, don’t hesitate to contact Nicosia Fertility. We’re here to support you with personalized care and fertility treatments that offer hope for building your family.
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